The thyroid has a very significant role to play in how our body functions. For starters, this butterfly-shaped gland regulates the metabolic process. When stimulated by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) produced by the pituitary gland, the thyroid secretes Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3), and Calcitonin. These hormones are important for the development of bones, and muscles and maintaining energy levels, body temperature and brain health.
However, at times, the thyroid gland produces too little (hypothyroidism) or too much (hyperthyroidism) thyroid hormone, which can cause several diseases, including:
- Goiter or cancerous growths
- Graves disease
- Toxic adenomas
- Subacute thyroiditis
- Hashimoto disease
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Frequent or heavy periods
- Dry skin and hair
- Cold intolerance
- Depression, low mood, forgetfulness
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
- Sudden flashes of anxiety and nervousness
- Weight loss
- An enlarged thyroid gland
- Tremors and muscle weakness
- Irregular menstrual periods
- Heat intolerance
- Palpitation and irregular heartbeat
While these symptoms can be indicative of a thyroid disorder, they may not necessarily mean any thyroid issues are present. For proper identification and consultation, it is recommended to seek guidance from a doctor. Based on the evaluation, the doctor can recommend tests and treatment plans.
What is Anti-TPO?
Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme produced by the thyroid gland and is responsible for the production of thyroid hormones. TPO is essential for thyroid function. However, in the case of autoimmune disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto disease, Graves disease or other immune disorders, the immune system may produce antibodies. These TPO-targeting antibodies can interfere with the function of thyroid peroxidase and interrupt the production of thyroid hormone, eventually leading to thyroid dysfunction.
An anti-TPO test antibody test helps in detecting TPO antibodies in the blood. Elevated levels of anti-TPO antibodies in the test results are often associated with autoimmune disorders and may even cause inflammation, reduced function or even damage the thyroid gland.
The normal range of the Anti-TPO antibody test is 0 to 34 IU/mL.
Thyroid and Its Relationship with Renal Function
As part of the elaborate network of glands and hormones in the endocrine system that are interdependent on one another, thyroid hormones affect many bodily functions, including the,
Cardiovascular system
Nervous system
Digestive system
Reproductive system
Renal system
Thyroid hormones affect renal function by both pre-renal and direct renal effects. The thyroid influences renal function through various mechanisms, causing an increase in the renal blood flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (in effect to T3, an active thyroid hormone and Hypothyroidism).
Conversely, kidney dysfunction also impacts thyroid functioning. As kidneys are responsible for metabolising and regulating hormones, any abnormalities can disrupt the thyroid hormone levels.
To understand and evaluate the overall health of the kidneys, doctors recommend a Renal Function Test (RTF) that includes a group of tests that measures Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Urea, Creatinine and Calcium in the blood.
Symptoms of kidney dysfunction often include:
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Breathlessness
- Hematuria(blood in urine)
- Swelling
- Nausea
- Irregular heartbeat
To better understand the RFT test results and normal range, it is important to consult a doctor. The RFT test includes the measurement of different parameters, and while test results provide valuable insights into kidney function, correctly interpreting RFT results is important to assess the kidney’s health and identify potential healthcare plans.
